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<text id=91TT0084>
<title>
Jan. 14, 1991: Burning Bright
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Jan. 14, 1991 Breast Cancer
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 61
Burning Bright
</hdr><body>
<qt>
<l>INDIA: A MILLION MUTINIES NOW</l>
<l>by V.S. Naipaul</l>
<l>Viking; 521 pages; $24.95</l>
</qt>
<p> At the end of his last book on India, V.S. Naipaul wrote
that the country's survival depended on seeing the past as dead
"or the past will kill." In that volume, India: A Wounded
Civilization, as well as in his earlier work on the
subcontinent, An Area of Darkness, the Trinidad-born writer of
Indian descent scorched the landscape of subcontinent society,
indicting the rigidities of a country that preserved the evils
of the Hindu caste system and endured a suffocating
bureaucracy. Now Naipaul has returned to India more than 10
years later to discover that the past is being left behind, and
far more quickly than he imagined it would be.
</p>
<p> India: A Million Mutinies Now is Naipaul's appreciation of
how real, individual freedom, first sighted in the distance
with India's independence in 1947, has begun to take hold in
daily life, to break down the "layer upon layer of distress and
cruelty." The result is messy, since those liberties give rise
to a "million little mutinies," the colliding trajectories of
countrymen shaking off the old mind-sets of caste and class.
To Naipaul's solidly liberal sensibilities, that turmoil is
what marks the road to progress.
</p>
<p> He sees the "many revolutions within that revolution"
everywhere. Mr. Ghate, a rough-edged slum dweller and organizer
for Shiv Sena, a violent Hindu chauvinist group, displays an
inspired streak of social activism and complains in earnest,
and in English, about the "absence of civic sense" in his
neighborhood. Subramaniam is a Brahman and scientist whose
grandfather was a Hindu priest, once the flamekeepers of
reactionary Hindu society. But the next generation of Brahmans,
like Subramaniam's father, led India's political-reform
movements, and now Subramaniam's own generation, the most
accomplished and Westernized to date, is the ironic, not
entirely unhappy victim of those reforms. Brahmans are losing
out in India's equivalent of affirmative action, while other
castes, including the lowest of the low, are at least partial
winners. As testament to that transformation, Namdeo Dhasal, a
militant dalit (untouchable) leader and poet, tells Naipaul,
"There was a time when we were treated like animals. Now we
live like human beings."
</p>
<p> Naipaul has retired the familiar, infuriating, immobile face
of India and painted a fresh one of human spirit and dramatic
change that should become the new starting point for thinking
about the country. What Naipaul does not grapple with is the
question of whether India can survive burning so hotly.
Hindu-Muslim conflicts are on the rise; violent secessionist
movements have paralyzed three states; caste warfare threatens
to erupt around the country. Naipaul barely touches on that
drift to anarchy, but he helps us understand it.
</p>
<p>By Edward W. Desmond/New Delhi.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>